Equipment

Source file: origin-block-setups-objectives-equipment.htm

The Equipment tab is used to specify the type of equipment used in the mining process, its parameters, and operational characteristics. This tab is composed of the following subtabs:

Truck Selection

Use the Truck Selection subtab to add truck types defined in your project to your setup. To configure a new truck for the project, see Creating Trucks.

To add a previously configured truck type to your setup, drag it from the Available Truck types column to the Selected Truck Types column.

After selecting the required truck types, go to the Calendar >  Equipment subtab and set the number of trucks to meet the target for the total mass of material moved at the end of each period. Material extraction will be ordered to use only the configured number of trucks.

The Allow Min/Max Trucks checkbox in the Truck Selection subtab allows you to set the number of the trucks used in each period in a more flexible way. After checking it, the fields for setting the maximum and minimum truck count in each period will appear in the Calendar > Equipment subtab.

Max Speed

The Max Speed subtab is used to plot the unloaded and loaded maximum truck speeds against the road gradient. All points in the graph are editable. Values from the graph will be used to calculate travel time when the setup contains a road network.

To edit the maximum speed:

  1. Select a destination. The list of destinations is based on the locations specified in the flowchart of your setup. The Default option allows you to set the maximum speed for all non-destination travel (such as in-pit and surface roads).

    Note:   The applied speed is the lowest of the Maximum Speed tab (either by selected destination or Default), or the edge maximum speed.

    Note:  The maximum speed may be also applicable to each vertex or point. This will specify the maximum speed at which a truck may travel when it passes through that point (if the speed at this point is zero, a stop sign is in use). A truck may be unable to achieve the Maximum Speed tab limit due to slow or stoppage points along that vertex.

  2. Edit table cells to reflect the road conditions in the setup.

    • Press to add a new row to the speed curve in the table.

    • Press and select the required number to add multiple rows at once.

    • Press to remove the currently selected row from the table.

    • Press Sort to arrange the rows in the table in the Gradient(%) ascending order.

    • Press Reset to revert the changes that you have made in the table.

  3. The applied changes will be reflected in the graph.

Equipment Allocation

In Equipment Allocation subtab, you can add codes to your setup by choosing a variable from the Code Item drop-down. The variables listed in the drop-down correspond to your model's data set. These codes are used to represent different lithology types or stages.

Follow these steps to add a new variable to your setup:

  1. Select (Add Maths) in the project explorer's ribbon.

  2. Enter the appropriate formula in the script editor.

  3. Click Run Formula.

For each available code loaded, assign the corresponding productivity per digger and truck combination in the Productivity subtab. The truck payload will be automatically calculated in the Truck Payloads subtab.

Productivity

Use the Productivity subtab to assign productivity per truck/digger combination for each available code.

Note:  Assign the priority by entering the consecutive numbers in the corresponding cells, where 0 has higher priority than 1.

Note:  The available codes are loaded from the Equipment Allocation subtab.

Truck Payloads

The Truck Payloads tab automatically calculates the maximum tonnes that a truck can carry for each available code.

Note:  The available codes are loaded from the Equipment Allocation subtab.

While the payload is calculated automatically, you can also enter this value manually by double-clicking on the cell with a value that you wish to change.

Stockpile Trucks

Use the Stockpile Trucks subtab to assign the trucks that are allowed to transfer material to each stockpile.

Waste Settings

The Waste Settings subtab is used to calculate the volumetric expansion of wasted material when it is removed from the pit and sent to a waste utility. The degree of expansion depends on the waste type, which will have a specific swell factor provided by the user.

The volume of material transferred to a waste utility can be calculated using the following equation:

where SW represents swell factor.

When calculating tonnage, the density of material needs to be factored in:

where the volume is calculated from Equation (1).

The dump will be filled with waste measured in loose cubic metres, which is calculated as follows:

,

where stands for loose cubic metres, signifies total tonnes, and means specific gravity (which is the density in relation to water).

To configure Waste Settings subtab, select the variables corresponding to the density and waste from each drop-down menu. You can specify the swell factor manually by double-clicking the corresponding cell in the table and entering the value manually.

Hour Stamping

When a mining sequence is generated, the schedule information includes the rank of every solid mined, and the period it was mined in. Evolution allows this information to be added or stamped back to the model (see Stamp Period and Rank Back to Model for more information). By providing the period and the rank (optional), you are supplying a predetermined mining sequence. In such a scenario, server-side processing is performed for economical analysis or grade optimisation.

To configure hour stamping in your setup, select the variables corresponding to your schedule's period and rank from each drop-down menu.

Wait Times

Equipment wait times are time frames required for the equipment to be set up.

Note:  If a particular wait time is not set for a digger-truck combo, the corresponding default wait time will be used instead (a wait time is considered not set if its value is 0).

Loader spot time Time for a truck to position itself under the digger.
Dump spot time Time for a truck to position itself so that it can dump material.
Dump time The time it takes to dump material in a waste dump (typically 30 seconds).
Queue time The time it takes for a truck to wait for other trucks which are already dumping or being loaded.

Advanced Options

The Advanced Options tab allows you to define the following parameters for haulage-based schedules.

Maximum Allowable Acceleration/Deceleration

Unloaded Deceleration (km/h/s) Limits the deceleration of an empty truck to the specified number. This will override the retard curve when necessary.
Loaded Deceleration (km/h/s) Limits the deceleration of a loaded truck to the specified number. This will override the retard curve when necessary.
Acceleration (km/h/s) Limits the maximum acceleration of a truck. This will override the rimpull curve when necessary.

Traction

Coefficient of Traction Specifies the friction between truck tyres and ground.
Lateral Coefficient of Traction Determines the proportion of the rimpull curve that can be successfully used to accelerate while turning.
Braking reliance on Traction (%) Proportionally increases the distance required for braking (represents reliance on traction coefficient to slow truck down).

Interpolated Path

Gradient (%) Sets the gradient that should be used when a path is interpolated.

Retarder Options

Maximum Use of Retarder Force (%) This setting helps to prevent overheating of the retarder on long steep descents.
The lower this number, the slower the truck will move when retarder is in use.
Use of Retarder

Each truck has a retard curve, which can be confirmed when double-clicking on the corresponding truck in the project explorer. It determines how much braking force the truck can exert based on its current speed.

The retarder provides the engine a way to determine the braking force of a truck. Its usage can be set to Always, Max. Only, or Never by the radio buttons provided.

Path Cost Factors

These options allow you to compare the available paths a truck could take to a given destination. Setting them is irrelevant to any actual costs that are reported out by the schedule, and also does not impact the net present value. These factors are also used to sequence the waste utilities.

Note:  When the sequence of waste utilities is specified, the cells with the lowest waste cost should be filled first.

Time (Cost per Hour) Assigns the cost per hour (path time cost per hour).
Fuel (Cost per L) Assigns the cost per litre of fuel used (path fuel cost per litre).

Horizontal Gradient (%)

Horizontal gradient is specified to define if a road segment is classified as uphill, horizontal, or downhill.

Upper Boundary (%) Specifies the maximum inclination of the road network.
Lower Boundary (%) Specifies the maximum declination of the road network.

Miscellaneous

Travel Time Correction Factor This factor can be used to account for any additional factors impacting travel time. It multiplies the travel time (without including delays) that has been previously calculated based on other parameters.
Allowed Interpolation

You can set the following types of interpolation from the drop-down menu:

  • No Interpolation.

  • Road Jump Interpolation, which allows interpolation across gaps in the road network (between disparate parts of the network and disparate parts of the bench).

  • Full interpolation, which allows interpolation from a solid or block to a road (typically the source waypoint).
Ramp Distance Tolerance This setting defines the maximum allowed distance to provide a truck access from a haulage network edge to a given solid.

Calendar

The following table shows the fields that are calculated in the Calendar > Equipment subtab.

Global fields

Field Equation
Calendar Time (CT)
Lost Time (LT) You provide this value.
Available Time (AT)
Availability (%)
Variance (%) You provide this value. For more information on variance, see Material Movement.
Total Haulage Hours (THH) Value calculated based on the HH (Haulage Hours) in the Truck table. See Haulage Hours for more information.
Effective Working Hour (minutes) You provide this value.
Fuel Cost per L You provide this value.
Seasonal Factor (SF) You provide this value.

Truck- related fields

Field Equation
Truck Count (Ntrucks) You provide this value.
Operating Efficiency (OEF, %) You provide this value.
Utilisation Factor (UF, %) You provide this value.
Utilised Time (UT)
Utilisation (U, %)
Effective Utilisation (EU, %)
Seasonally Adjusted Effective Utilisation (SEU, %)
Haulage Hours (HH)
Seasonally Adjusted Haulage Hours (SHH)
Operating Time (OT)
Seasonally Adjusted Operating Time (SOT)
Use of Availability (%)
Cost Per Operating Hour You provide this value.