Create/Edit Primitives

Create, Edit and Assign Primitives

Use the Create/Edit Primitives option to create and edit primitives, as well as apply them to nominated objects.

Primitives are useful when repeatedly using complex 3D designs where the shape is always basically the same. Instead of redesigning the object every time it is needed, it can be designated as a primitive and applied to any line. For example, when designing a tunnel you could create a line and then apply an arch shaped primitive.

Primitives are stored in the Primitives specification file ( <proj>.pgd ). See Appendix A for an example.

The Create/Edit Primitives option uses the Primitives GUI. This new interface combines the functionality that was originally provided through the Primitive option (under the Design > Create submenu) and the Primitive option (under the Model > Triangle Solid submenu) in earlier versions of Vulcan.

Instructions

On the Design menu, point to Attribute Edit, and then click Create/Edit Primitives to display the Primitives panel.

This interface consists of the following sections:

Predefined Primitives

Original Primitives

Save Options

User Primitives

Use the Select Objects button to assign a chosen primitive, and the Close button to exit the Primitives interface. The Select Objects button will be disabled when using the Save Options section of the Primitives interface.

Ensure that you have saved your changes prior to selecting the Close button.

Predefined Primitives

Primitives tab

Located at the top of this section is a collection of predefined geometric shapes. To use a shape as a primitive, select the appropriate image.

Orientation

Horizontal flip

Select this check box to reverse the primitive along its horizontal axis, i.e. turn it upside down.

Vertical flip

Select this check box to reverse the primitive along its vertical axis, i.e. make a mirror image.

Dimensions and Angle

This section allows you to specify the height and width of the chosen primitive.

Figure 1 : Dimensions

In the case of the primitives located on the far right of the second row, you can also specify the left and right angles.

Figure 2 : Angles

Alignment

This section allows you to indicate the alignment line. This refers to the position where the primitive will be applied. The position (when viewed through the Editor tab) will be marked with a red dot.

Figure 3 : Top Alignment

Figure 4 : Bottom Alignment

Figure 5 : Centre Alignment

Select the User defined option to specifically define the alignment for the chosen primitive. Once selected, you will need to open the Editor window (through selecting the Editor tab). Once the Editor window has been opened, use the Indicate Origin button to indicate the alignment position.

Export to design database

Users can also export primitives to objects in a design database (dgd.isis) for plotting on cross sections. The primitives could be predefined, original, or user created ones.

Choose a primitive to export and click this button to open the Export profile to design database panel.

Layer

Select an existing layer from the drop-down list or simply type in a new layer name. Selecting an existing layer overwrites the previous data.

Object

Select an object from the drop-down list if a pre-exisitng layer is selected or simply type in a new object name. Selecting an existing object overwrites the previous data.

Original position

Enter the values for the locating the original position or choose to select the origin point from the screen by clicking Digitise button.

Click Export to export the chosen primitive to the object in design database.

Editor tab

Primitive Editor toolbar
Icon	Tooltip	Description
	Draw line	Allows you to create a line. Steps: Select the Draw line button from the Primitive Editor toolbar. Digitise the desired points in the Editor window. Right-click when finished.
	Draw polygon	Allows you to create a polygon. Steps: Select the Draw polygon button from the Primitive Editor toolbar. Digitise the desired points in the Editor window. Right-click to close the polygon.
	Draw arc	Allows you to design a circle or arc. Steps: Select the Draw arc button from the Primitive Editor toolbar. Indicate the object's position in the Editor window. Indicate the radius. Move the mouse in a clockwise or anti-clockwise direction to draw the object. Click to create the circle or arc.
	Draw arc	Allows you to design an arc. Steps: Select the Draw arc button from the Primitive Editor toolbar. Digitise the desired points in the Editor window. The arc will start at the first point, end at the last point and pass through the second point.
	Move point	Allows you to move a point to a new position. Steps: Select the Select object button from the Primitive Editor toolbar. Select the object that contains the point that you want to move. The object and all of the points in the object are then highlighted. Select the Move point button from the Primitive Editor window. Select the point that you want to move. Indicate the point's new position. The chosen point is then shifted. Right-click when finished.
	Delete object	Allows you to delete an object. Steps: Select the Select object button from the Primitive Editor toolbar. Select the object that you want to remove Select the Delete object button from the Primitive Editor toolbar.
	Delete point	Allows you to remove individual points from an object. Steps: Select the Select object button from the Primitive Editor toolbar. Select the object that contains the point you want to delete. Once chosen, the selected object and its points are highlighted. Select the Delete point button from the Primitive Editor toolbar. Select the point(s) that you want to delete. Select the Select object button when finished.
	Delete all	Allows you to delete all objects displayed in the Editor window. Steps: Select the Delete all button from the Primitive Editor toolbar. Confirm whether or not you want to delete all of the objects displayed in the Editor window.
	Indicate origin	Allows you to indicate the alignment line for the primitive.
	Toggle grid	Allows you to toggle grid display, that is show or hide.
	Select object	Allows you to select objects from in the Editor window. This button needs to be selected prior to using the editing tools, i.e. the Move point, Delete object, Delete point and Delete all icons.

Width

Enter the width of the Editor window.

Height

Enter the height of the Editor window.

Grid

Enter the size for the grid squares.

Save As

Use this button to save the chosen shape as a new primitive. Once selected, the Primitive Name panel displays.

Enter the name for the new primitive (a maximum of 10 alphanumeric characters).

Click OK to save the primitive. You are then returned to the Primitives interface. The primitive will be saved to the Primitives specification file ( .pgd ), as well as displayed under the User Primitives section.

Original Primitives

Use a cross-sectional primitive

Select this option to use an existing primitive. You will need to select the primitive from the drop-down list. The drop-down list contains all primitives defined in your Primitives specification file ( .pgd ).

Use a rectangular primitive

Select this option to use a rectangular primitive. You will need to specify the size of the rectangle. The string will be placed in the centre of the rectangle.

Use a circular primitive

Select this option to use a circular primitive. You will need to specify the radius, as well as the number of steps (a maximum of 63). The string will be placed in the centre of the radius. The number of steps refers to the number of points that will be created on the circle.

Use a three-centred arch primitive

Select this option to use a three-centred arch primitive. The arch consists of three intersecting arcs with three different centres respectively, and therefore called three-centred arch.

You will need to specify the wall height, roadway width, and arch height/width, as well as the points on arch. The points on arch (between 2–63) refers to the number of points that will be created on the arch. The arch height is generally 1/3, 1/4, or 1/5 of the width of the roadway. According to this, the formula for r and R is shown in the table below:

	AH = 1/3 * W	AH = 1/4 * W	AH = 1/5 * W
r	0.691898 * W	0.904509 * W	1.128887 * W
R	0.260957 * W	0.172746 * W	0.128445 * W

Export to design database

See Export to design database .

Save Options

Specify whether the primitive is to be saved as a triangulation, an attribute or both. The Save Triangulation panel displays when using the Save as Triangulation and Save both options.

The following options are only available when saving the primitive as a triangulation, or when saving the primitive as both a triangulation and an attribute:

Triangulation Options

Close final triangulation(s)

Select this check box to close the triangulations. This check box will be selected by default.

Append end plates to final triangulation(s)

Select this option to add end plates to the final triangulations. The triangulation will not close, which results in a surface suitable for Boolean operations such as Open Pit > Open Cut Design > Pit Topography. This option is only available if the Close final triangulation(s) check box is cleared.

Warn on primitive replacement

Select this check box to be warned whenever an existing triangulation/primitive is about to be replaced.

Enabling this check box will result in a prompt being displayed informing you of the possible replacement. You will need to confirm your selection in order to continue.

Create separate triangulation for each object

Select this check box to create a separate triangulation for each of the selected objects.

Data area

Select the directory that will be used to store the resulting triangulations. Leave this field blank if you want to save the resulting triangulations within your current working directory. Use the Browse button if you want to nominate a different storage location.

To save your triangulations within an existing triangulation database, use the Browse button to locate the applicable '.tri' file. Once found, click on the file before pressing the OK button.

If you want to store the triangulations within a subdirectory of your triangulation database, double-click on the '.tri' file to display the Select Directory panel.

Once you have located the desired storage folder, click on the folder name before pressing the OK button.

Triangulation Naming

The triangulations can be named with various combinations of layer, feature and group.

If the values shown above were used, then the triangulation will be named <feature_name><group_name><object_name>.00t

If the values shown above were used, then the triangulation will be named <layer_name><feature_name><group_name><object_name>.00t

User Primitives

Primitive Editor toolbar
Icon	Tooltip	Description
	Draw line	Allows you to create a line. Steps: Select the Draw line button from the Primitive Editor toolbar. Digitise the desired points in the Editor window. Right-click when finished.
	Draw polygon	Allows you to create a polygon. Steps: Select the Draw polygon button from the Primitive Editor toolbar. Digitise the desired points in the Editor window. Right-click to close the polygon.
	Draw arc	Allows you to design a circle or arc. Steps: Select the Draw arc button from the Primitive Editor toolbar. Indicate the object's position in the Editor window. Indicate the radius. Move the mouse in a clockwise or anti-clockwise direction to draw the object. Click to create the circle or arc.
	Draw arc	Allows you to design an arc. Steps: Select the Draw arc button from the Primitive Editor toolbar. Digitise the desired points in the Editor window. The arc will start at the first point, end at the last point and pass through the second point.
	Move point	Allows you to move a point to a new position. Steps: Select the Select object button from the Primitive Editor toolbar. Select the object that contains the point that you want to move. The object and all of the points in the object are then highlighted. Select the Move point button from the Primitive Editor window. Select the point that you want to move. Indicate the point's new position. The chosen point is then shifted. Right-click when finished.
	Delete object	Allows you to delete an object. Steps: Select the Select object button from the Primitive Editor toolbar. Select the object that you want to remove Select the Delete object button from the Primitive Editor toolbar.
	Delete point	Allows you to remove individual points from an object. Steps: Select the Select object button from the Primitive Editor toolbar. Select the object that contains the point you want to delete. Once chosen, the selected object and its points are highlighted. Select the Delete point button from the Primitive Editor toolbar. Select the point(s) that you want to delete. Select the Select object button when finished.
	Delete all	Allows you to delete all objects displayed in the Editor window. Steps: Select the Delete all button from the Primitive Editor toolbar. Confirm whether or not you want to delete all of the objects displayed in the Editor window.
	Indicate origin	Allows you to indicate the alignment line for the primitive.
	Toggle grid	Allows you to toggle grid display, that is show or hide.
	Select object	Allows you to select objects from in the Editor window. This button needs to be selected prior to using the editing tools, i.e. the Move point, Delete object, Delete point and Delete all icons.

Width

Enter the width of the Editor window.

Height

Enter the height of the Editor window.

Grid

Enter the size for the grid squares.

Scale

Enter the factor by which the primitive will be enlarged or reduced when it is applied to each line segment or interval.

Map Object

Use this button to map an existing Vulcan design object to the Editor window. Once selected, you will be prompted to pick the object from the screen. The chosen object will then be displayed in the Editor window.

Use the Save or Save As buttons to save the object as a new primitive.

Save

Use this button to save the changes made to an existing primitive. If this button is selected when saving a new primitive, then the Primitive Name panel displays. Refer to the information below for details on this panel.

Save As

Use this button to save an existing primitive under a new name. Once selected, the Primitive Name panel displays.

Enter the name for the new primitive (a maximum of 10 alphanumeric characters). Primitive names cannot contain spaces.

Click OK to save the primitive. You are then returned to the Primitives interface. The saved primitive will be saved to the Primitives specification file ( .pgd ), as well as displayed in alphabetical order under the User Primitives section.

If you have entered the name of an already existing Primitives specification file ( .pgd ), then you will be prompted as to whether you want to overwrite it.
Primitive names displayed in the user primitive list will be highlighted in bold text when changes have been saved. A confirmation message will also be displayed in the bottom left corner of the primitives panel, for example Primitive 'name' saved.

Export to design database

See Export to design database .

Use the Select Object button to assign the primitive to an existing object.

Once selected, the Multiple Selection box displays. From this box, choose your method of selecting the objects and select the objects. Cancel when you have finished assigning primitives.

If you have chosen to save the primitive as a triangulation, or as both a triangulation and an attribute, then the Save Triangulation panel will be displayed once you have finished assigning the chosen primitive.